Lancashire and District Employment Structure
2006

January 2008

Photograph showing a man looking for a job

Introduction

The most recent detailed benchmark count of employment in Lancashire is the 2006 Annual Business Inquiry (ABI), conducted by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The ABI, first introduced in 1998, collects information on the number of employee jobs by place of work. It should be noted that the ABI estimates differ from those provided by both the Census of Population and the Labour Force Survey which include the self-employed as well as employees and in which enumeration is usually by place of residence rather than by place of work.

Overview

The 2006 ABI survey provided estimates suggesting that there were more than 610,000 employee jobs in the Lancashire NUTS-2 region in December of that year. This number was about 43,000 higher (+7.6%) than in 1998 when the Inquiry was first introduced. The 2006 employee workforce (less farm-based agricultural jobs) was divided almost equally between males and females. More than two-thirds of these employees worked on a full-time basis though there were gender differences. Close to 47% of the employee jobs filled by women were of a part-time nature (i.e. working for 30 or fewer hours per week. The profile for men remained much more heavily weighted towards full-time jobs with 85% working on a full-time basis (Table 1).

Table 1 Employee Jobs Profile, Lancashire NUTS-2, 2006
Employment Status	No. of Employees	% of Employees

Male full-time workers	262,900	43.4
Male part-time workers	45,000	7.4
Female full-time workers	156,600	25.9
Female part-time workers	141,400	23.3
Male workers	307,900	50.8
Female workers	298,000	49.2
Full-time workers	419,500	69.2
Part-time workers	186,300	30.8

Total	605,900	100.0
Note These figures are aggregates from which agricultural class 0100 has been excluded.
SourceONS - Annual Business Inquiry 2006

Of the total 2006 employee jobs in the Lancashire NUTS-2 area, 129,700 or over 21% were classified to the production and construction industries, less than 1% were in agriculture, forestry and fishing, and the remainder (475,000 or 78%) were in service activities of one sort or another, of which the wholesale and distributive trades, health and social work, other business activities, education, and hotels and restaurants were the largest individual components (Table 2). The Lancashire jobs represented 2.3% of the Great Britain total and a fifth of those in the North West Region.

Table 2 Employee Jobs by Industrial Sector, 2006
Sector	Lancashire County		Lancashire NUTS-2		North West	Great Britain
Sector	No.	%	No.	%	%	%

Agriculture, forestry and fishing	5,300	1.1	5,500	0.9	0.5	0.9
Mining, energy and water	2,400	0.5	2,400	0.4	0.3	0.6
Manufacturing	81,700	16.7	99,000	16.2	12.5	10.9
Construction	24,800	5.1	28,300	4.6	5.0	4.8
Wholesale and retail trades	82,500	16.9	102,400	16.8	17.0	16.7
Hotels and restaurants	34,600	7.1	45,700	7.5	7.0	6.8
Transport and communication	22,800	4.7	28,000	4.6	6.0	5.9
Financial intermediation	9,900	2.0	11,700	1.9	3.4	3.9
Other business services	62,000	12.7	74,900	12.3	15.8	17.3
Public administration and defence	30,100	6.2	41,100	6.7	5.6	5.5
Education	50,600	10.3	61,500	10.1	9.4	9.2
Health and social work	62,300	12.7	80,300	13.2	12.7	12.2
Other services	20,200	4.1	29,300	4.8	4.7	5.3

All industries and services	489,200	100.0	610,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source ONS - Annual Business Inquiry 2006

Employment Change

Changes to the methodology of data collection, a change to an up-dated Standard Industrial Classification (SIC,2003), together with the inclusion (for technical reasons) of a number of employee jobs based elsewhere rather than in the sub-region itself (and vice-versa), tend to confuse estimates of job changes over time. At face value, however the 2006 estimate of employee jobs in Lancashire was approximately 43,000 or 7.6% higher than in 1998. This rate of growth was respectable by the sub-region's historical standards but as in the case of a number of other economic indicators, slightly lagged that of both the UK (+8.1%) and the wider North West Region (+8.0%) (Table 3).

Table 3 Employment Change, 1998-2006
Sector	Number of Employee Jobs							% Change
Sector	1998	2000	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	1998-2006

Agriculture, forestry and fishing	7,600	6,400	5,800	5,500	5,400	5,600	5,500	-28.1
Mining, energy and water	2,700	2,800	2,300	2,100	1,700	2,000	2,400	-9.0
Manufacturing	138,300	129,100	115,700	113,900	109,300	103,100	99,000	-28.4
Construction	21,200	28,900	34,200	30,100	36,200	33,200	28,300	+33.9
Wholesale and retail	103,500	97,300	103,600	102,100	107,100	102,300	102,400	-1.1
Hotels and restaurants	38,400	42,300	40,200	42,000	49,500	41,200	45,700	+19.1
Transport and communications	27,300	25,600	28,200	27,100	26,400	24,400	28,000	+2.6
Financial intermediation	13,500	12,100	12,000	11,500	11,600	11,400	11,700	-13.1
Other business services	45,200	56,600	62,200	62,100	63,400	69,600	74,900	+65.7
Public administration and defence	37,600	36,800	36,500	37,900	40,100	39,400	41,100	+9.5
Education	45,100	43,300	58,800	57,800	62,300	63,800	61,500	+36.4
Health and social work	65,800	70,400	68,300	74,400	79,500	83,700	80,300	+22.1
Other services	21,200	25,700	30,000	26,400	25,300	24,600	29,300	+38.3

Lancashire County	449,200	454,600	476,400	475,700	494,900	485,400	489,200	+8.9
Lancashire NUTS-2	567,200	577,100	598,400	593,300	617,900	604,400	610,200	+7.6

North West	2,788,600	2,835,000	2,968,400	2,973,100	3,035,700	2,987,800	3,010,700	+8.0
Great Britain	24,355,000	25,214,600	25,593,700	25,710,600	26,067,500	26,496,600	26,320,600	+8.1
Note The 2003/06 ABI data is based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 2003 which differs from previous years' ABI data. This may give rise to discontinuities.
Source ONS - Annual Business Inquiry

Employment patterns over the period generally continued to reflect a shift in distribution from the production to the service industries and from direct employment in large companies to greater representation in small and medium sized enterprises. The well developed tendency for a shift from male to female employee jobs and from full-time to part-time working continued but was rather less in evidence over this more recent period than hitherto, presumably reflecting in part the sustainability of the economic up-turn encouraging employers to commit to more permanent and full-time positions. There was also some reversal of the trend from "public" to "private" employment fuelled by the expansion of expenditure in public services (particularly in health and education) set in train by government.

Structural Characteristics

Lancashire continues to have a large and exceptionally diverse economy. Apart from a handful of relatively minor and geographically specialised industries like coke ovens, the mining of uranium and thorium ores and tobacco manufacture, virtually every industrial group defined by the official Standard Industrial Classification (SIC,2003) is represented in the sub-region.

As illustrated by the broad industrial characteristics given in Table 2 above, by comparison with the nation the local economy remains particularly strong with regard to manufacturing employment: some 99,000 people or 16.2% of all employee jobs are still in this key sector compared with only 10.9% in Great Britain at large. Conversely, whilst nearly 83% of employee jobs nationally are in the heterogeneous services sector "only" 78% of local jobs are so classified. Local representation in services is rather above average in many "public service" activities like public administration and defence, education, and health and social work, and also slightly in hotels and restaurants linked to the tourism trade. However, under-representation remains particularly pronounced in activities relating to financial intermediation and other business related services. A rather more detailed industrial division analysis together with Great Britain and North West comparisons is illustrated in Table 4.

Table 4 Industrial Employment Structure, 2006
Sector	% of Employee Jobs
Sector	Lancashire NUTS-2	North West	Great Britain

Agriculture, forestry and fishing	0.9	0.5	0.9
Mining and quarrying	0.1	0.1	0.2
Food, beverages and tobacco	1.9	1.8	1.5
Textile industry	0.8	0.6	0.3
Wearing apparel; leather and leather products	0.3	0.2	0.2
Wood and wood products	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pulp, paper and paper products	0.6	0.4	0.3
Printing and publishing	0.9	0.8	1.1
Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel	0.3	0.4	0.1
Chemical industry	1.1	1.3	0.7
Rubber and plastic products	1.2	0.9	0.7
Other non-metallic mineral products	0.4	0.4	0.4
Basic metals	0.1	0.1	0.3
Fabricated metal products	1.6	1.2	1.2
Other machinery and equipment	1.1	0.9	1.0
Office machinery and computers	0.1	0.1	0.1
Electrical machinery and apparatus	0.4	0.4	0.4
Radio, TV, communications, etc. equipment	0.1	0.1	0.2
Medical, precision and optical instruments	0.2	0.3	0.4
Motor vehicles	0.7	0.6	0.6
Other transport equipment	2.8	0.8	0.5
Furniture and other manufacturing	1.2	0.7	0.6
Recycling	0.1	0.1	0.1
Electricity, gas and water	0.3	0.3	0.4
Construction	4.6	5.0	4.8
Sale, repair, etc. of motor vehicles	2.2	2.0	2.1
Wholesale and commission trade	4.4	4.2	4.2
Retail trade and repairs	10.2	10.8	10.5
Hotels and restaurants	7.5	7.0	6.8
Land transport	2.1	2.3	2.0
Water and air transport	0.1	0.2	0.4
Other transport activities	1.1	1.8	1.7
Post and telecommunications	1.3	1.8	1.8
Financial intermediation	1.1	2.0	2.2
Insurance and pension funding	0.2	0.7	0.7
Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation	0.6	0.8	1.0
Real estate activities	1.1	1.5	1.6
Renting of machinery and equipment	0.7	0.6	0.6
Computer and related activities	1.7	1.7	2.0
Research and development	0.1	0.2	0.4
Other business activities	8.8	11.7	12.7
Public administration and defence	6.7	5.6	5.5
Education	10.1	9.4	9.2
Health and social work	13.2	12.7	12.2
Sewage, refuse disposal, sanitation, etc.	0.4	0.4	0.4
Membership organisations	0.7	0.7	0.9
Recreational, cultural and sporting activities	2.6	2.5	2.8
Other service activities	1.1	1.1	1.2
Source ONS - Annual Business Inquiry 2006

Employment by District

The distribution and broad structure of employee jobs across Lancashire by sub-region and district authority is shown in Table 5 and Figure 1. As "job centres" the size of these districts ranges from 22,500 employee jobs in Rossendale with 3.7% of the Lancashire region total to 84,800 in Preston (13.9% of total jobs).

Table 5 Employee Jobs by Local Authority District and Sub-Region, 2006
		Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	Mining, Energy and Water	Manufacturing	Construction	Distribution, Hotels and Restaurants

North Lancashire	No.	1,700	1,400	27,400	8,200	50,100
North Lancashire	%	0.9	0.7	14.1	4.2	25.8
Blackpool		100	*	3,500	1,700	18,700
Fylde		400	*	16,600	1,600	8,500
Lancaster		600	1,200	3,600	2,700	13,000
Wyre		600	*	3,700	2,300	10,000

Central Lancashire	No.	3,000	600	22,800	11,600	51,400
Central Lancashire	%	1.4	0.3	10.7	5.4	24.1
Chorley		400	*	3,300	2,300	10,100
Preston		300	300	5,500	3,200	19,600
South Ribble		400	200	7,100	4,100	10,800
West Lancashire		1,800	*	6,900	2,100	10,900

Lancashire West	No.	4,700	1,900	50,200	19,800	101,600
Lancashire West	%	1.1	0.5	12.5	4.9	24.9

East Lancashire	No.	800	500	48,800	8,500	46,500
East Lancashire	%	0.4	0.2	24.1	4.2	23.0
Blackburn with Darwen		100	*	13,800	1,800	12,300
Burnley		*	*	7,400	1,200	7,900
Hyndburn		*	300	5,600	1,200	8,500
Pendle		100	*	10,500	1,500	6,800
Ribble Valley		400	*	6,200	1,300	5,900
Rossendale		100	*	5,200	1,600	5,200

Lancashire County	No.	5,300	2,400	81,700	24,800	117,100
Lancashire County	%	1.1	0.5	16.7	5.1	23.9
Lancashire NUTS-2	No.	5,500	2,400	99,000	28,300	148,100
Lancashire NUTS-2	%	0.9	0.4	16.2	4.6	24.3

North West	No.	14,900	10,300	377,100	149,900	720,400
North West	%	0.5	0.3	12.5	5.0	23.9
Great Britain	No.	227,300	157,400	2,863,400	1,257,200	6,192,400
Great Britain	%	0.9	0.6	10.9	4.8	23.5

		Transport and Communication	Finance and Business Services	Public Administration, Education and Health	Other Services	All Employees

North Lancashire	No.	7,600	24,100	63,200	10,800	194,400
North Lancashire	%	3.9	12.4	32.5	5.5	100.0
Blackpool		1,900	6,100	22,600	5,100	59,700
Fylde		800	8,100	8,300	1,600	45,800
Lancaster		3,400	6,200	20,400	2,500	53,700
Wyre		1,500	3,600	12,000	1,600	35,300

Central Lancashire	No.	12,100	37,300	66,100	8,300	213,300
Central Lancashire	%	5.7	17.5	31.0	3.9	100.0
Chorley		1,500	10,200	11,000	2,200	41,000
Preston		5,400	15,700	31,700	3,100	84,800
South Ribble		2,500	5,100	10,900	1,500	42,600
West Lancashire		2,800	6,300	12,500	1,500	44,900

Lancashire West	No.	19,700	61,400	129,300	19,100	407,700
Lancashire West	%	4.8	15.1	31.7	4.7	100.0

East Lancashire	No.	8,300	25,300	53,700	10,200	202,500
East Lancashire	%	4.1	12.5	26.5	5.1	100.0
Blackburn with Darwen		3,300	8,600	17,400	4,000	61,300
Burnley		1,600	4,500	9,900	1,900	34,600
Hyndburn		1,000	2,400	7,900	1,200	28,100
Pendle		700	3,400	7,800	1,300	32,000
Ribble Valley		700	2,100	6,500	900	24,100
Rossendale		900	4,100	4,300	1,000	22,500

Lancashire County	No.	22,800	71,900	143,000	20,200	489,200
Lancashire County	%	4.7	14.7	29.2	4.1	100.0
Lancashire NUTS-2	No.	28,000	86,700	183,000	29,300	610,200
Lancashire NUTS-2	%	4.6	14.2	30.0	4.8	100.0

North West	No.	181,100	578,200	836,700	142,200	3,010,700
North West	%	6.0	19,2	27.8	4.7	100.0
Great Britain	No.	1,549,700	5,590,900	7,090,800	1,391,500	26,320,600
Great Britain	%	5.9	21.2	26.9	5.3	100.0
Note * Disclosive data
Source ONS - Annual Business Inquiry 2006

Figure 1 Employee Jobs by Broad Sector of Industry, 2006

Source ONS - Annual Business Inquiry 2006

Employee Jobs

For further details, please contact:
Peter Kivell
Tel 01772 534157
Email Peter.Kivell@lancashire.gov.uk

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